Changes in endometrial blood vessels in the endometrium of women with hormone replacement therapy-related irregular bleeding

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Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: endometrial hyperplasia and irregular bleeding.

BACKGROUND The decline in circulating oestrogen around the time of the menopause often induces unacceptable symptoms that affect the health and well being of women. Hormone replacement therapy (both unopposed oestrogen and oestrogen and progestogen combinations) is an effective treatment for these symptoms. In women with an intact uterus, unopposed oestrogen may induce endometrial stimulation a...

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Hormone replacement therapy and the endometrium.

Modern hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens contain oestrogen and progestogen, given either in a cyclical or continuous combined manner. Most endometrial biopsies from women on sequential HRT show weak secretory features. Approximately 15% show proliferative activity, although this figure may be less if more than nine days of progestogen is given in each cycle. A small proportion will sho...

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Endometrial expression of steroid receptors in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy users: relationship to bleeding patterns.

BACKGROUND Mechanisms of menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-related bleeding, undoubtedly mediated through endometrial steroid receptors, are poorly understood. We aimed to determine the steroid receptor expression in HRT-exposed endometrium in relation to disturbances of bleeding patterns. METHODS Prospective observational study in a tertiary referral menopause clinic in Western Au...

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Hormone Replacement Therapy In Women: The Evidence

Restoration of low thyroid, insulin and cortisol is the medical standard. So, it seems logical to also replace low estrogen. progesterone and testosterone: however the evidence leaves cl inicians at a loss for c lear direc tion. because of conflicting results from studies using varying types of hormone . routes and ages. This paper analyses the data and puts forth an argument as to why physiolo...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Human Reproduction

سال: 2003

ISSN: 1460-2350

DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg171